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Hiring the Best People for Your Agency

The November 2002 legislation by which Congress established the Department of Homeland Security also included provisions that give all Federal agencies more flexibility with respect to hiring. The new flexibilities allow government agencies to implement recruiting practices more akin to those used in the private sector.

One of the most important provisions related to hiring essentially replaced the "Rule of Three," which for years had limited managers to selecting from the top three candidates identified by their Human Resources office. Under the new rules, managers have the option of interviewing all of the candidates that meet the standard of "best-qualified" for a given position. This should greatly increase the chances that managers will be able to identify a candidate who is a good fit for the needs of their office.

While the new hiring rules are widely viewed as a good thing, greater authority for hiring officials also means greater responsibility. In order to be able to achieve the results Congress intended when crafting the new rules, it is vital that all managers who are involved in the hiring process become familiar with the full range of recruitment options and develop the skills necessary to make the best possible hiring decisions. (The fact that few managers have received proper training for recruitment and hiring may actually explain why the new rules have been used so little thus far.)

This article is intended to get managers pointed in the right direction in their effort to sharpen their hiring skills.

Hiring Best Practices

The following suggestions are intended to help you in making the best hiring decisions within the limitations of your agency's hiring policies.

Step 1: Things to do Before Advertising the Position

Learn your agency's rules regarding the recruiting process to make sure you understand your rights and responsibilities as a hiring official.
Sit down with the HR person responsible for recruiting for your work unit to make sure he/she understands what type of people you hope to hire. Agree on a strategy for recruiting the best candidates possible.
Rewrite the job vacancy announcement to make sure it provides a clear and detailed explanation of the job. The vacancy announcement should give the real flavor of what the position involves, and should describe the good and the bad elements of the job. Faced with a clear picture of the job, a number of potential candidates may recognize that they would not be a good fit and choose not to apply. (Note: This is a good thing. If an applicant doesn't think that they will be a good fit, you can be pretty sure that they won't be.) Effective job descriptions also enable you to avoid wasting precious time describing the position during the interview.

Step 2: Advertising the Position and the Pre-Interview Process

Advertise the position widely, proactively targeting applicant pools that might be a good source of candidates for the specific job (e.g. colleges for entry level professional positions).
Prepare a list of questions to ask all candidates. Include several different kinds of questions during the interview to determine not just the candidate’s qualifications, but also their interpersonal skills, manageability, attitudes, values, etc. You should be especially alert for candidates who seem to be combative, cynical, judgmental, blaming or manipulative (to name just a few characteristics that can be poison in the workplace).
Analyze each interview candidate’s résumé critically before the interview, and prepare a few open-ended questions about some of the accomplishments described on the résumé to determine if there is real substance to back up their claims.

Step 3: The Interview and Decision-Making Process

Do not hesitate to interview as many as 20 candidates to fill one key position. Remember: your hiring decision could have implications for the chemistry and effectiveness of your work unit for the next 20-30 years.
Trust your instincts. For example, do you have a nagging suspicion that a very strong candidate was not being completely forthcoming in describing why he left his last job? If so, there may well be a serious problem with that candidate.
Assign each candidate a numerical score right after the interview, based on their responses to your previously prepared questions. This will provide you with a simple mechanism to compare all candidates after you finish with the interviews.
Carefully check the references of your top candidates (you may often be surprised by what you learn).
If you interview all of the qualified candidates and none of them are up to your high standards, it is better to re-advertise the position than accept a candidate with whom you are not completely satisfied.

Step 4: The Probationary Period

Using the strategies described above will greatly enhance your ability to hire the right people. No process can predict performance with 100 percent accuracy, however, so when things do not work out it is crucial that you use the probationary period to weed out new hires who do not make your work unit stronger. In Good to Great for the Social Sectors, Jim Collins argues that public managers should use the probationary period to keep only the top performers. It is not easy to fire employees in government once they have made it past the probationary period, argues Collins, so managers should use the probationary period as a tool to ensure that only the best new employees stay "on the bus."

For guidance on use of the probationary period, check out the Merit Systems Protection Board's superb report, "Reforming Federal Hiring."

Hiring the best people is a lot of work. It is well worth the time invested, however, as your decisions about who to hire--and whether to keep them--are among the most important decisions you will ever make for your work unit.

Hiring the Best People for Your Agency

Hiring Best Practices

Step 1: Things to do Before Advertising the Position

Step 2: Advertising the Position and the Pre-Interview Process

Step 3: The Interview and Decision-Making Process

Step 4: The Probationary Period

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